Abstract
Background:
Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for colonoscopy may help endoscopists distinguish neoplastic polyps (adenomas) requiring resection from nonneoplastic polyps not requiring resection, potentially reducing cost.
Objective:
To evaluate the performance of real-time CAD with endocytoscopes (×520 ultramagnifying colonoscopes providing microvascular and cellular visualization of colorectal polyps after application of the narrow-band imaging [NBI] and methylene blue staining modes, respectively).
Design:
Single-group, open-label, prospective study. (UMIN [University hospital Medical Information Network] Clinical Trial Registry: UMIN000027360).
Setting:
University hospital.
Participants:
791 consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy and 23 endoscopists.
Intervention:
Real-time use of CAD during colonoscopy.
Measurements:
CAD-predicted pathology (neoplastic or nonneoplastic) of detected diminutive polyps (≤5 mm) on the basis of real-time outputs compared with pathologic diagnosis of the resected specimen (gold standard). The primary end point was whether CAD with the stained mode produced a negative predictive value (NPV) of 90% or greater for identifying diminutive rectosigmoid adenomas, the threshold required to “diagnose-and-leave” nonneoplastic polyps. Best- and worst-case scenarios assumed that polyps lacking either CAD diagnosis or pathology were true- or false-positive or true- or false-negative, respectively.
Results:
Overall, 466 diminutive (including 250 rectosigmoid) polyps from 325 patients were assessed by CAD, with a pathologic prediction rate of 98.1% (457 of 466). The NPVs of CAD for diminutive rectosigmoid adenomas were 96.4% (95% CI, 91.8% to 98.8%) (best-case scenario) and 93.7% (CI, 88.3% to 97.1%) (worst-case scenario) with stained mode and 96.5% (CI, 92.1% to 98.9%) (best-case scenario) and 95.2% (CI, 90.3% to 98.0%) (worst-case scenario) with NBI.
Limitation:
Two thirds of the colonoscopies were conducted by experts who had each experienced more than 200 endocytoscopies; 186 polyps not assessed by CAD were excluded.
Conclusion:
Real-time CAD can achieve the performance level required for a diagnose-and-leave strategy for diminutive, nonneoplastic rectosigmoid polyps.
Primary Funding Source:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
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Author, Article, and Disclosure Information
Yuichi Mori,
Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan (Y.M., S.K., M.M., F.U., S.K., Y.O., Y.M., K.T., H.N., K.I., T.K., T.H., K.W., F.I.)
National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.S.)
National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan (H.I.)
Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan (K.H.)
Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (K.O.)
Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (H.I.)
Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan (H.I., M.O., K.M.)
Acknowledgment: The authors thank Olympus and Cybernet Systems for their instrumental support of the present study. They also thank Ms. Nancy Schatken of Edanz for her medical writing and editorial assistance, which was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grant 17H05305).
Grant Support: By Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (grant 17H05305) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
Disclosures: Dr. Y. Mori reports personal fees from Olympus and grants from The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science during the conduct of the study, grants from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development outside the submitted work, and a patent (JP6059271) licensed to Showa University and Cybernet Systems. Drs. S. Kudo and Misawa report personal fees from Olympus during the conduct of the study, grants from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development outside the submitted work, and a patent (JP6059271) licensed to Showa University and Cybernet Systems. Dr. Ohtsuka reports personal fees and nonfinancial support from Olympus outside the submitted work. Dr. Inoue reports personal fees from Olympus during the conduct of the study. Dr. K. Mori reports grants from Cybernet Systems during the conduct of the study; reports grants from Olympus, Ziosoft, and NTT outside the submitted work; and has been issued a patent for the Endoscope Observation Assistance System. Authors not named here have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Disclosures can also be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M18-0249.
Editors' Disclosures: Christine Laine, MD, MPH, Editor in Chief, reports that her spouse has stock options/holdings with Targeted Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Darren B. Taichman, MD, PhD, Executive Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. Cynthia D. Mulrow, MD, MSc, Senior Deputy Editor, reports that she has no relationships or interests to disclose. Deborah Cotton, MD, MPH, Deputy Editor, reports that she has no financial relationships or interest to disclose. Jaya K. Rao, MD, MHS, Deputy Editor, reports that she has stock holdings/options in Eli Lilly and Pfizer. Sankey V. Williams, MD, Deputy Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. Catharine B. Stack, PhD, MS, Deputy Editor for Statistics, reports that she has stock holdings in Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson.
Reproducible Research Statement:Study protocol: See the Supplement. Statistical code: Available by request from, and written agreement with, Dr. Y. Mori (e-mail, ibusiginjp@gmail.
Corresponding Author: Yuichi Mori, MD, PhD, Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, 35-1 Chigasaki-chuo, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan; e-mail, ibusiginjp@gmail.
Current Author Addresses: Drs. Y. Mori, S. Kudo, Misawa, Urushibara, Kataoka, Ogawa, Maeda, Takeda, Nakamura, Ichimasa, T. Kudo, Hayashi, Wakamura, and Ishida: Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, 35-1 Chigasaki-chuo, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-8503, Japan.
Dr. Saito: Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
Dr. Ikematsu: Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 227-8577, Japan.
Dr. Hotta: Division of Endoscopy, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-tyo, Shunto-gun, Shizuoka-ken 411-8777, Japan.
Dr. Ohtsuka: Department of Endoscopy, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
Dr. Inoue: Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Koto-Toyosu Hospital, 5-1-38 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8577, Japan.
Drs. Itoh, Oda, and K. Mori: Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-0814, Japan.
Author Contributions: Conception and design: Y. Mori, S. Kudo, H. Inoue, K. Mori.
Analysis and interpretation of the data: Y. Mori.
Drafting of the article: Y. Mori.
Critical revision for important intellectual content: Y. Mori, M. Misawa, Y. Saito, H. Ikematsu, K. Hotta, K. Ohtsuka, F. Urushibara, Y. Ogawa, Y. Maeda, K. Takeda, H. Nakamura, K. Ichimasa, T. Kudo, T. Hayashi.
Final approval of the article: Y. Mori, S. Kudo, M. Misawa, Y. Saito, H. Ikematsu, K. Hotta, K. Ohtsuka, F. Urushibara, S. Kataoka, Y. Ogawa, Y. Maeda, K. Takeda, H. Nakamura, K. Ichimasa, T. Kudo, T. Hayashi, K. Wakamura, F. Ishida, H. Inoue, H. Itoh, M. Oda, K. Mori.
Provision of study materials or patients: Y. Mori, M. Misawa, Y. Saito, H. Ikematsu, K. Hotta, K. Ohtsuka, Y. Ogawa, H. Itoh, M. Oda.
Obtaining of funding: Y. Mori, S. Kudo.
Administrative, technical, or logistic support: S. Kudo, F. Ishida, K. Mori.
Collection and assembly of data: Y. Mori, M. Misawa, Y. Saito, F. Urushibara, S. Kataoka, Y. Ogawa, Y. Maeda, K. Takeda, H. Nakamura, K. Ichimasa, T. Kudo, T. Hayashi, K. Wakamura, K. Mori.
This article was published at Annals.org on 14 August 2018.
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