Acknowledgment: The authors are greatly indebted to all of the blood banks in Sweden and Denmark that collected and contributed data to this study.
Grant Support: The assembly of the SCANDAT2 database and the conduct of this study were made possible through grants from the Swedish Research Council (2011-30405 and 2007-7469), the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (20090710), the Swedish Society for Medical Research (Dr. Edgren), and the Danish Council for Independent Research (2009B026).
Disclosures: Dr. Hjalgrim reports a grant from the Danish Council for Independent Research during the conduct of the study. Dr. Nyrén reports grants from the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation during the conduct of the study. Authors not named here have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Disclosures can also be viewed at
www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M15-2421.
Editors' Disclosures: Christine Laine, MD, MPH, Editor in Chief, reports that she has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. Darren B. Taichman, MD, PhD, Executive Deputy Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. Cynthia D. Mulrow, MD, MSc, Senior Deputy Editor, reports that she has no relationships or interests to disclose. Deborah Cotton, MD, MPH, Deputy Editor, reports that she has no financial relationships or interest to disclose. Jaya K. Rao, MD, MHS, Deputy Editor, reports that she has stock holdings/options in Eli Lilly and Pfizer. Sankey V. Williams, MD, Deputy Editor, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. Catharine B. Stack, PhD, MS, Deputy Editor for Statistics, reports that she has stock holdings in Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson.
Reproducible Research Statement: Study protocol and data set: Not available.
Statistical code: Available from Dr. Edgren (e-mail,
[email protected]).
Corresponding Author: Gustaf Edgren, MD, PhD, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; e-mail,
[email protected].
Current Author Addresses: Drs. Edgren and Nyrén: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Drs. Hjalgrim and Melbye and Mr. Rostgaard: Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
Dr. Lambert: Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Adrian Building, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
Dr. Wikman: Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, C2:66 Huddinge, SE-177 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Dr. Norda: Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
Dr. Titlestad: Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.
Dr. Erikstrup: Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
Dr. Ullum: Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Dr. Busch: Blood Systems Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118.
Author Contributions: Conception and design: G. Edgren, H. Hjalgrim, R. Norda, M.P. Busch, O. Nyrén.
Analysis and interpretation of the data: G. Edgren, H. Hjalgrim, K. Rostgaard, P. Lambert, A. Wikman, R. Norda, M. Melbye, M.P. Busch, O. Nyrén.
Drafting of the article: G. Edgren, R. Norda, M.P. Busch.
Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: G. Edgren, H. Hjalgrim, K. Rostgaard, A. Wikman, K.E. Titlestad, C. Erikstrup, H. Ullum, M. Melbye, M.P. Busch, O. Nyrén.
Final approval of the article: G. Edgren, H. Hjalgrim, K. Rostgaard, P. Lambert, A. Wikman, R. Norda, K.E. Titlestad, C. Erikstrup, H. Ullum, M. Melbye, M.P. Busch, O. Nyrén.
Provision of study materials or patients: G. Edgren, R. Norda, C. Erikstrup, H. Ullum.
Statistical expertise: G. Edgren, H. Hjalgrim, K. Rostgaard, P. Lambert.
Obtaining of funding: G. Edgren, H. Hjalgrim.
Administrative, technical, or logistic support: G. Edgren, H. Hjalgrim, A. Wikman, C. Erikstrup.
Collection and assembly of data: G. Edgren, H. Hjalgrim, K. Rostgaard, R. Norda, K.E. Titlestad, C. Erikstrup, H. Ullum.
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