The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, with serious consequences for affected individuals, health care systems, and society. Because of the lack of effective interventions for obesity prevention, obesity is likely to continue to be a major public health challenge for many years to come. Once obesity occurs, the available medical treatment options include only a diminishing array of drugs and bariatric surgery. The key to successful weight loss and its maintenance is adoption of a healthy lifestyle through altering food selection, reducing calorie intake, and increasing physical activity (1). Unfortunately, many obese individuals do not successfully modify their lifestyle, ...
References
- 1.
Wing RR ,Phelan S . Long-term weight loss maintenance. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82:222S-225S. [PMID: 16002825] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar - 2.
Taheri S . Sleep and metabolism: bringing pieces of the jigsaw together [Editorial]. Sleep Med Rev. 2007;11:159-62. [PMID: 17517354] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar - 3.
Cizza G ,Skarulis M ,Mignot E . A link between short sleep and obesity: building the evidence for causation [Editorial]. Sleep. 2005;28:1217-20. [PMID: 16295203] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar - 4.
Maury E ,Ramsey KM ,Bass J . Circadian rhythms and metabolic syndrome: from experimental genetics to human disease. Circ Res. 2010;106:447-62. [PMID: 20167942] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar - 5.
Taheri S . The link between short sleep duration and obesity: we should recommend more sleep to prevent obesity. Arch Dis Child. 2006;91:881-4. [PMID: 17056861] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar - 6.
Taheri S ,Thomas GN . Is sleep duration associated with obesity—where do U stand? Sleep Med Rev. 2008;12:299-302. [PMID: 18603219] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar - 7.
Taheri S ,Lin L ,Austin D ,Young T ,Mignot E . Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Med. 2004;1:62. [PMID: 15602591] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar - 8.
Rechtschaffen A ,Bergmann BM ,Everson CA ,Kushida CA ,Gilliland MA . Sleep deprivation in the rat: X. Integration and discussion of the findings. 1989. Sleep. 2002;25:68-87. [PMID: 11833857] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar - 9.
Spiegel K ,Tasali E ,Penev P ,Van Cauter E . Brief communication: sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:846-50. [PMID: 15583226] LinkGoogle Scholar - 10.
Nedeltcheva AV ,Kilkus JM ,Imperial J ,Kasza K ,Schoeller DA ,Penev PD . Sleep curtailment is accompanied by increased intake of calories from snacks. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;89:126-33. [PMID: 19056602] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar - 11.
Nedeltcheva AV ,Kilkus JM ,Imperial J ,Schoeller DA ,Penev PD . Insufficient sleep undermines dietary efforts to reduce adiposity. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:435-41. LinkGoogle Scholar - 12.
Spiegel K ,Leproult R ,L'hermite-Balériaux M ,Copinschi G ,Penev PD ,Van Cauter E . Leptin levels are dependent on sleep duration: relationships with sympathovagal balance, carbohydrate regulation, cortisol, and thyrotropin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:5762-71. [PMID: 15531540] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar - 13.
Liu X ,Forbes EE ,Ryan ND ,Rofey D ,Hannon TS ,Dahl RE . Rapid eye movement sleep in relation to overweight in children and adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65:924-32. [PMID: 18678797] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar - 14.
Tasali E ,Leproult R ,Ehrmann DA ,Van Cauter E . Slow-wave sleep and the risk of type 2 diabetes in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:1044-9. [PMID: 18172212] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar - 15.
Cizza G ,Marincola P ,Mattingly M ,Williams L ,Mitler M ,Skarulis M ,et al . Treatment of obesity with extension of sleep duration: a randomized, prospective, controlled trial. Clin Trials. 2010;7:274-85. [PMID: 20423926] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar
Author, Article, and Disclosure Information
Shahrad Taheri,
From University of Birmingham, Birmingham Collaboration for Leadership in Health Research and Care, and Heartlands Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; and Stanford Sleep Medicine Center, Redwood City, CA 94063.
Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M10-2045.
Corresponding Author: Shahrad Taheri, MBBS, PhD, Heartlands Biomedical Research Centre, MIDRU Building, Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom; e-mail, S.
Current Author Addresses: Dr. Taheri: Heartlands Biomedical Research Centre, MIDRU Building, Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, United Kingdom.
Dr. Mignot: Stanford Sleep Medicine Center, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion B, 2nd Floor, Redwood City, CA 94063.
Submit a Comment
Contributors must reveal any conflict of interest. Comments are moderated. Please see our information for authorsregarding comments on an Annals publication.
*All comments submitted after October 1, 2021 and selected for publication will be published online only.